The Portuguese were responsible for the discovery of the new and total sea-route to India from Europe via the Cape of Good Hope (Southern tip of Africa) in 1498 A.D and established several settlements or factories (trading centres) on the west coast of India. Though they dominated the European trade with India during the 16th century, they could never strike any firm roots on the east coast of India and in the coastal Andhra as they did not have even a single settlement. The lead in this was taken by the Dutch who were the first to arrive in Andhra.
DUTCH
1. The Dutch East India Company was formed in Holland (Netherlands) in 1602 by a charter of the Dutch Parliament with powers to acquire territories, build fortresses, make wars and conclude treaties.
2. The Dutch company established its first factory in Andhra at Masulipatnam (modern Machilipatnam in Krishna district) in 1605 with the permission of the then ruler of Golconda, Mohammed Quli Qutub Shah.
3. It was soon followed by the establishment of another Dutch factory at Pulicat (in Nellore Dist) in 1610 with the permission of Raja of Chandragiri.
4. Later the Dutch established some more settlements or factories at several other places in Andhra. They include Bheemunipatnam (modern Bheemlipatnam in Visakhapatnam Dist). Palakollu and Narasapuram (in West Godavari Dist.), Jagannaikpur (near Kakinada), Gollapalem and Gandavaram (in East Godavari Dist.), and Petapoli (in Krishna Dist.).
5. In the begining of the 17th century, the Dutch replaced the Portuguese as the most dominant power in the European trade with the East, including India. Their main centre in India was Pulicat till 1690, after which Nagapatnam (in Tamilnadu) replaced it as their main centre.
6. From the middle of the 17th century rivalry began between the Dutch and the English for supremacy in India. And by the beginning of the 18th century, the Dutch began to lose their power as well as settlements one after another to the English in India.
7. The defeat of the Dutch by the English in the Battle of Bedara in 1759 finally sealed their fate in India, including in Andhra.
BRITISH
I.The English East India Company was formed in England in 1599 by a group of merchants, known as the "Merchant Adventures". It was granted a charter giving it the monopoly of eastern trade, first by Queen Elizabeth I (1600 A.D) and later by King James I of England (1609 A.D)
2. The English were the second Europeans to arrive in Andhra. They established their first factory in Andhra at Masulipatnam in 1611 A.D. after the arrival of the English ship, Globe, under the leadership of captain Hippon who obtained the necessary permission from the Golconda sultan Muhammad Quli.
3. The English established their second factory in Andhra at Pulicat in 1621 A.D. with the permission of the Raja of Chandragiri.
4. Their third factory in Andhra was established at Arumugam (Armagaon) near Pulicat in 1626.
5. The English later came to have settlements at some other places also in Andhra such as Nizampatnam, Narasapur, Viravasaram, Madopallam etc.
6. In 1639, an Englishman called, Francis Day, obtained the site of Madras with the help of Damerla brothers (Damerla Venkatadri and Aiyappa) from the Raja of Chandragiri with the permission to build a fortified factory to be named Fort St. George. The township which soon grew around it came to be known as Channapatnam and later as Madrasapatnam. Madras soon replaced Masulipatnam as the headquarters of the English on the Coromandal coast, and in 1658 all the English settlements on the Coromandal as well as those in Eastern India (Bengal, Bihar and Orissa) were placed under the control of the President and Council of Fort St. George (It was only in 1700 A.D. that all the English settlements in Eastern India were detached from the control of Fort St. George and placed under the newly created Fort William at Calcutta).
DUTCH
1. The Dutch East India Company was formed in Holland (Netherlands) in 1602 by a charter of the Dutch Parliament with powers to acquire territories, build fortresses, make wars and conclude treaties.
2. The Dutch company established its first factory in Andhra at Masulipatnam (modern Machilipatnam in Krishna district) in 1605 with the permission of the then ruler of Golconda, Mohammed Quli Qutub Shah.
3. It was soon followed by the establishment of another Dutch factory at Pulicat (in Nellore Dist) in 1610 with the permission of Raja of Chandragiri.
4. Later the Dutch established some more settlements or factories at several other places in Andhra. They include Bheemunipatnam (modern Bheemlipatnam in Visakhapatnam Dist). Palakollu and Narasapuram (in West Godavari Dist.), Jagannaikpur (near Kakinada), Gollapalem and Gandavaram (in East Godavari Dist.), and Petapoli (in Krishna Dist.).
5. In the begining of the 17th century, the Dutch replaced the Portuguese as the most dominant power in the European trade with the East, including India. Their main centre in India was Pulicat till 1690, after which Nagapatnam (in Tamilnadu) replaced it as their main centre.
6. From the middle of the 17th century rivalry began between the Dutch and the English for supremacy in India. And by the beginning of the 18th century, the Dutch began to lose their power as well as settlements one after another to the English in India.
7. The defeat of the Dutch by the English in the Battle of Bedara in 1759 finally sealed their fate in India, including in Andhra.
BRITISH
I.The English East India Company was formed in England in 1599 by a group of merchants, known as the "Merchant Adventures". It was granted a charter giving it the monopoly of eastern trade, first by Queen Elizabeth I (1600 A.D) and later by King James I of England (1609 A.D)
2. The English were the second Europeans to arrive in Andhra. They established their first factory in Andhra at Masulipatnam in 1611 A.D. after the arrival of the English ship, Globe, under the leadership of captain Hippon who obtained the necessary permission from the Golconda sultan Muhammad Quli.
3. The English established their second factory in Andhra at Pulicat in 1621 A.D. with the permission of the Raja of Chandragiri.
4. Their third factory in Andhra was established at Arumugam (Armagaon) near Pulicat in 1626.
5. The English later came to have settlements at some other places also in Andhra such as Nizampatnam, Narasapur, Viravasaram, Madopallam etc.
6. In 1639, an Englishman called, Francis Day, obtained the site of Madras with the help of Damerla brothers (Damerla Venkatadri and Aiyappa) from the Raja of Chandragiri with the permission to build a fortified factory to be named Fort St. George. The township which soon grew around it came to be known as Channapatnam and later as Madrasapatnam. Madras soon replaced Masulipatnam as the headquarters of the English on the Coromandal coast, and in 1658 all the English settlements on the Coromandal as well as those in Eastern India (Bengal, Bihar and Orissa) were placed under the control of the President and Council of Fort St. George (It was only in 1700 A.D. that all the English settlements in Eastern India were detached from the control of Fort St. George and placed under the newly created Fort William at Calcutta).
Glad to have known about the European settlements in AP. But will be more pleased if information about the settlements of Europeans in Bimlipatam and Vizagpatam are informed.Thanking you
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